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Coxcatlan Cave
Coxcatlan Cave is a Mesoamerican archaeological site in the Tehuacán Valley of Puebla, Mexico.〔http://www.globalchange.umich.edu/globalchange2/current/lectures/cult_transform_2/ cultrans2.htm〕 It was discovered by Richard MacNeish in the 1960s during a survey of the Tehuacán Valley.〔http://archaeology.about.com/od/cterms/g/coxcatlan_cave.htm〕 It was the initial appearance of three domesticated plants in the Tehuacan Valley (Puebla, Mexico) and allowed an evaluation to be done again of the overall temporal context of the plant domestication in Mexico.〔Smith, Bruce D. "Reassessing Coxcatlan Cave and the Early History of Domesticated Plants in Mesoamerica." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 102.27 (2005): 9438-9445〕 In addition to plants, Coxcatlan Cave also provided nearly 75 percent of the classified stone tools from excavation.〔Trigger, Bruce G., Wilcomb E. Washburn, and Richard E. W. Adams. The Cambridge History of the Native Peoples of the Americas. Cambridge, England: Cambridge UP, 1996. Print.〕
== Overview ==
It was used over a span of 10,000 years, mostly during the Archaic period, as a shelter and gathering place during the rainy season for groups of foragers as large as 25-30 individuals.
It is one of a collection of cave sites in the Tehuacan Valley. Each have similar archaeobotanical remains and cultural artifacts, representing a trade community present.〔Evans, Susan Toby. Ancient Mexico & Central America: Archaeology and Culture History, 2nd Edition. 2008. London: Thames and Hudson. Print.〕
These “macroband” camps, made up of “microband” family groupings, would occupy cave sites in the region during a time when food resources were especially plentiful.〔Adams, Richard E. W. and Murdo J. MacLeod. MesoAmerica, Part 1. 2000. Cambridge UP. Print.〕 Evidence of large quantities of food remains contributes to the belief that these caves were used for collecting and storing plants during periods of harvest.〔http://www.showcaves.com/english/mx/caves/Coxcatlan.html〕 Some of the food included were small maize cobs and fragments of squash, chile, avocado, beans, and bottle ground.〔Nichols, Deborah L., and Christopher A. Pool. The Oxford Handbook of Mesoamerican Archaeology. Oxford: Oxford UP, 2012. Print.〕 The plants only made up 2 percent of the Archaic-period macrobotanical collection compared within 45 percentage in the overlying ceramic-bearing levels dating after 2000 BC.〔Nichols, Deborah L., and Christopher A. Pool. The Oxford Handbook of Mesoamerican Archaeology. Oxford: Oxford UP, 2012. Print.〕
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